ﺣﺴﻦ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاء

من علم البديع

من المحسناﺕ المعنوية ﺣﺴﻦ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاء

ﺣﺴﻦ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاء: ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳُﺴﺘﻬﻞ اﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﻳَﻬِﺶ ﻟﻪ اﻟﺴﻤﻊُ ﻭﻳﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ اﻟﺬﻭﻕ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻬﻨﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻔﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺽ:

اﻟﻤﺠﺪُ ﻋﻮﻓﻲ ﺇﺫ ﻋﻮﻓﻴﺖَ ﻭاﻟﻜﺮﻡُ ... ﻭﺯاﻝ ﻋﻨﻚ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻋﺪاﺋﻚ اﻷﻟﻢُ

ﻭﺗﺰﺩاﺩ ﺑﺮاﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻊ حسنا ﺇﺫا ﺩﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻄﻴﻔﺔ، ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺮاﻋﺔ اﺳﺘﻬﻼﻝ، ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﻇﻢ ﺃﻭ اﻟﻨﺎﺛﺮ ﻓﻲ اﺑﺘﺪاء ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﻝّ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩﻩ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎلإﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ كقول القائل في اﻟﺘﻬﻨﺌﺔ ﺑﺒﻨﺎء ﻗﺼﺮ:

ﻗﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻼﻡ ... ﺧﻠﻌﺖْ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻤﺎﻟَﻬﺎ اﻷﻳﺎﻡُ

ﻭﻛﻘﻮﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺬاﺭ:

ﻟﻨﺎﺭ اﻟﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﻟﻬﻴﺐُ ... ﻓﻌﻔﻮا ﺃﻳﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻬﻴﺐُ

ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ قُفْلٌ، ﻭﺃﻭّﻟﻪ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﻪ.

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